> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://sec-nadesh.gitbook.io/security-fundamentals-commands/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://sec-nadesh.gitbook.io/security-fundamentals-commands/basics-linux.md). # Basics Linux ## Traverse `pwd` → Print working directory `cd` → Change directory (Ex: `cd /home/Nadesh/Documents` change to Documents directory) `cd ..` → Change directory to parent directory `cd ~` → Change directory to your home directory `cd -` → Go back to previous directory ## Look `ls` → List files in directory `ls -la` → Shows a detailed list of files in long format (`-l`) and lists all hidden files (`-a`) `file` → Shows info about a file (what type of file it is) and a description of the file's contents `cat` → Output the content of a file `less` → Output the content of a file in a page manner, so you can navigate through a text file page by page `more` → Output the file but hust a little bit at a time, similar to `less` ## Frequently used `history` → Show commands history `sudo` → Used before commands to execute this commands as root `sudo -l` → List what rights the sudo user has `cat /etc/sudoers` → Find which users have sudo rights ## Locate files/ folders `find` → Slower command to locate files but a lot more thorough. You can search for files recursively and with regex and lot of more features `find /home -name Nadesh.jpg` → Find if there is a file named picture.jpg in the home directory `find /home -type d -name MyFolder` → Find a directory (`-type d`) named `MyFolder` in the home directory `find / -name file 2>/dev/null` → Send all permissions denied outputs to `dev/null` `locate` → Locates files or directories really fast on an internal database `sudo updatedb` → Updates database in order to run the `locate` command `which` → Outputs the path of the binary that you are looking for, searching through the directories that are defined in you $PATH variable